M1 Carbine History - The US .30 M1 Carbine was developed as a semi-automatic handgun for high range close fire. The carbine is shorter and lighter than the M1 Garand rifle, the main battle rifle of the US Army in World War II.
It will be produced in larger quantities than any other US small arms in World War II. Production ran from August 1941 to August 1945, with a total of over 6 million guns produced by 10 major contractors.
M1 Carbine History
The origin of the weapon began in June 1940, with the proposal of a light gun, especially for the use of the rear echelon and support forces: Members of Parliament, Medics, officers and all other workers who are considered to be at risk of attack, but cannot carry the full weapon. the size of the Garand gun. German Blitzkrieg tactics showed how the use of fast moving tanks and armor meant that non-combat troops and support troops could quickly engage in combat. It was suggested that this light gun was needed as a replacement gun and had less resistance than a regular gun or a small machine gun. The proposed weapon would be semi-automatic and would fire the new .30 cal round designed by Winchester, approved in early 1941.
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Winchester came up with a light gun design that beat the competition from four other manufacturers, including designs from Colt and John Garand. The Winchester design was selected in late September 1941 and officially adopted as the American carbine, Caliber .30 M1.
Production of the new light gun was initially started by Winchester and the Inland Division of General Motors, but the attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, and the entry of the US into the war then led to an urgent need for more weapons. Since the number of soldiers in the rear would remain higher than before, the capacity of Inland and Winchester was not considered enough and in early 1942 production was transferred to eight other contracts.
The M1 Garand would fire a side-firing 174-grain .30 caliber cartridge, the FMJ pointed bullet at a velocity of about 2,700 meters per second, at an effective range of about 600 yards.
30 Carbine The M1 carbine was close to a pistol cartridge, as it used a straight-walled case that fired a 110-grain FMJ bullet at 1,900 fps, giving it an effective range of about 300 yards.
Military Surplus Ibm M1 Carbine (fine) 30 Carbine Semi Automatic Rifle
The carbine used a 15-round magazine that could be removed or reloaded at any time. After WWII, the 30-round 'banana' magazine was developed, offering higher power.
Of the 6 million carbines manufactured, about 140,000 were M1A1 carbines. This was a combination rifle and split stock specially designed for paratroopers.
It is produced only by the Central Division in two general series, both about 70,000. At first it was issued only to the 101st and 82nd Airborne units in late 1942, and eventually it was issued to all Airborne units and the Marine Corps.
Although the issue of the M1 carbine was aimed at rear personnel, as the war progressed there was a growing demand for front-line weapons in the European and Pacific theaters. The carbine could be manufactured quickly in large numbers and its use quickly spread to the frontline soldiers.
Inland M1 Carbine Review
The M1 carbine was popular with soldiers because of its small size and light weight. However, as the gun first saw frontal action, there were complaints about the gun's range and stopping power. Also, the sights were not adjustable for wind load, which led to inaccuracies.
It should be remembered that the M1 carbine was designed to complement the existing US weapons, and not as a replacement for the M1 Garand large battle rifle. Also, the M1 carbine still had many patrons and was the weapon of choice for many soldiers, with many GIs describing the weapon's effectiveness out to 200 yards.
Of interest is the M1 carbine favored by German soldiers and officially known as the Selbsladekarabiner 455(a). The following images are from a known sequence shot near Poteau in the Ardennes captured by the US 3rd Armored Division, showing German Fallschirmjägers and an SS Leibstandarte with a carbine in hand.
Towards the end of the war, the M1 carbine was improved to correct some of the problems it had encountered in combat. It had an M4 bayonet mount and sights that could be adjusted for range and windage.
Auto Ordnance M1 Carbine: A Wwii Classic Made Today
The M1 was also modified to allow automatic automatic firing with selective fire switching. This officially became the M2 carbine, adopted in October 1944. At this stage only Winchester and Inland were still in production and thus would be the only manufacturers of the M2. However, many M1 cartridges were converted to automatic fire using conversion tools. The M3 carbine was another variant of the carbine. This was an M2 with infrared night vision.
The M1 carbine continued in active service with US forces in the Korean War (1950-53) and later in the Vietnam War. It was also exported for use by US allies such as South Korea.
In conclusion, it can be argued that with the design of this weapon, the US actually designed the weapon before the beginning of the modern era. It was mass-produced, reliable and simple, it had selective fire and chambers for accurate small rounds at close range, realizing great combat.
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